Scotland's Brick and Tile Manufacturing Industry

BONNYBRIDGE BRAND

AI 0  30/32%            30/31_1680 C

“BONNYBRIDGE BRAND” is an excellent general-purpose Scotch firebrick with all its traditional merits.  It is manufactured from clay mined from the famous mineral fields at Bonnybridge.  This raw material contains a quantity of uncombined silica distributed in a manner especially favourable for conferring freedom from volume change at high temperature.  These bricks are of good shape, well fired, and in uniform in texture, and owing to their tough nature will withstand transport, handling and abrasion.  They have a reputation for good economical service, and have been extensively used for the past seventy years in iron and steel works for lining soaking pits, reheating and mill furnaces, chamber walls, furnace doors and gas producers, and for checkers.  Excellent results have also been obtained in pottery ovens and kilns, gas works, chemical works; In fact, they will give satisfactory service in all positions where the conditions do not demand the use of more aluminous grades.

SUPER DUTY FIREBRICK

AI 0   42/44%       Cone  34/35_1760 C

 The clay from which “OCTO” Brand refractories are made is exceptional purity, containing practically no uncombined silica and only traces of basic oxides.  Hence its refractoriness is almost that of pure “clay substance” kaolinite or kaolin, the material of which Seger Cone 35 is made.  No natural clay has refractoriness higher than Cone 35 (1770 C.).  “OCTO” refractories, therefore, have refractoriness as high as is commercially possible with natural clays.  Actually, under conditions of light or moderate load, such as obtain in the upper courses of Open-Hearth Regenerator Checkers, they are successfully substituting Silica bricks.

“OCTO” Brand refractories are so little contaminated by uncombined silica and basic oxides that they have superlative resistance to attack by corrosive slags, including the fused ash of coal, pitch, creosote-pitch, and other highly calorific fuels.  They are particularly suitable in the high temperature zones of kilns, boiler settings, cement and other rotary kilns, in crucible furnaces and in many other exacting situations.

The excellent resistance to thermal shock of high-alumina firebricks is well exhibited by “OCTO” Brand which thus combines the diverse qualities of resistance to spalling and slag attack.

CALDER BRAND

AI O  36/38%     Cone 32_1710 C

“CALDER” BRAND can be specified with the confidence that all the bricks are alike to within very close limits.  This uniformity originates in the extensive deposit of high-grade aluminous fireclay adjacent to our Chapelhall Works where “CALDER” Bricks are made.  This clay exhibits only trifling variations, which are the subject of constant routine investigation and laboratory control.  The clay and other raw materials pass through manufacturing processes of the most up-to-date type, the aim at being at all points to eliminate variations.

Perfect shape and uniform refractory properties are achieved by the use of machines of special design, and by tunnel kiln treatment incorporating automatic control of peak firing temperature.

“CALDER” refractories have the excellent resistance to thermal shock and to slag attack characteristic of aluminous firebricks.

CALDER “L” BRAND FOR LADLES

“CALDER L” firebricks are also manufactured from “CALDER” fireclay and by modifying the texture and chemical composition an increased resistance to slag attack has been developed without impairing the other essential qualities.

The perfect shape and consistency of size characteristics of all “CALDER” brand refractories are of especial value in the ladle building.  Very little jointing material is required, and it is strongly recommended that B.S. Mortar No. 3 be used.

“CALDER L” is an aluminous firebrick containing very little uncombined silica.  As a result chemical attack by corrosive steels, e.g., high manganese, is negligible, reducing the danger of inclusions in the steel.

Here, then, is a brick with exceptional qualities, produced for a specific duty, which in practice is giving additional life and security in steelworks ladles.

It is not practicable to state how many charges may be expected in basic steel ladles when lined with “CALDER L” firebricks, as conditions vary considerably.  The amount, composition and fluidity of the slag carried and the time taken in teeming are factors determining the life of a lining.  There is no doubt, however, that a practical trial of “CALDER L” is the most satisfactory method of proving its merits.

SPECIAL REFRACTORIES

In the previous pages, our normal range of firebrick production has been listed and described.  A selection from these will be found suitable for most applications.  The tendency, however, to more severe conditions in modern furnace practice demands the use, in certain parts, of Special Refractories capable of withstanding these conditions.

The properties, physical and chemical, which enable a refractory unit to resist temperature, slags, stresses and other factors of furnace duty are not all combined to an equal degree in any one class of brick.  When a refractory, by virtue of its composition or the art of its manufacture, possesses a property or group of properties to a superlative degree, it merits the designation “special.”

Important types of Special Refractory in our manufacturing range are described below:-

“NOVO” 60%  AI O  Cone 36

Recommended for use where conditions are exceptionally severe, or where a large safety factor is demanded.  “NOVO” Brand has load-bearing qualities beyond the temperature range of fireclay refractories, combined with outstanding resistance to thermal shock and slag attack.

“CALDER LS”

This fireclay brick, of low thermal expansion and high thermal shock resistance, is of special value where sudden changes of temperature are prevalent, e.g., billet heating furnace bogie tops, tube welding burner blocks, etc.

“B.S.F.” (Semisilica), 80%  SiO

This siliceous refractory has a definite field of application where extreme constancy of volume at moderate temperatures (hot face up to 1300 C.) is desired.  Highly recommended for constructing roofs of reheating and “wash” heating furnaces.  Its resistance to thermal shock will be found intermediate between firebrick and silica brick.  It is an “acid” refractory and should not be subjected to attack by basic oxides.

 SOME SERVICE APPLICATIONS

Blast Furnace Linings  ……………………………………Octo, Calder

Hot Blast Stove Fillings  ……………………..Octo, Calder

Regenerator Checkers (Open Hearth)  …………………..Octo, Calder, Bonnybridge

Regenerator Checkers (Glass)  ……………….Octo, Calder

Electric Furnace Crowns ..                                 Octo, Novo

Ladles (steel, all types)  …………………………………. Calder L

Ladles (acid steel)  …………………………………….Bonnybridge

Soaking Pits  …………………………………………….  Octo, Calder, Bonnybridge, B.S.F.

Bogie Tops  …………………………………………..Calder, Calder LS

Reheating and Annealing Furnaces  ……………………Octo, Calder, B.S.F.

Gas Producers  ……………………………………..Calder, Bonnybridge

Air or Reverberatory Furnaces  …………………………….Octo, Calder

Cupolas  …………………………………………  Calder, Bonnybridge

Pulverised Fuel- and Oil-Fired Furnaces  ………………….Novo, Octo, Calder

Special Muffle Linings  ………………………………..Bonnybridge, Calder, B.S.F.

Kilns for Ceramic Industries  …………………………….Bonnybridge, Calder, Novo

Sulphur (Pyrites) Burners  …………………………….. Bonnybridge

Lime Kilns (shaft)  ……………………………………. Octo, Calder, Bonnybridge

Rotary Kilns (cement, Lime, Magnesia, ect.)  ……………..Novo, Octo, Calder

Suspended Arches (Boilers, ect.)  ………………………….Octo

Enamelling Furnaces  ……………………. Octo, Calder, Bonnybridge

Non-Ferrous Melting and Crucible Furnaces  ………………… Octo

Boilers, all types  ……………………………All brands

The above list is a general guide to the selection of refractory brands.  To assist users in their selection our technical staff is available for advice and consultation.